HISTORY OF WESTERN CIVILIZATION I
LECTURE OUTLINE NINE
- EUROPEAN OVERSEAS EXPANSION
- sudden overseas expansion
- Renaissance explanation
- medieval explanation
- economics
- religion
- technology
- the concept that the earth is round
- Why wasn't America discovered earlier?
- Portugese voyages and discoveries
- the role of Prince Henry "the Navigator"
- Bartholomew Dias (1487)
- Vaco da Gama (1497)
- Spanish voyages and discoveries
- Spain's need to compete with Portugal
- Columbus's journeys and his errors
- fallacy of the term "Columbus discovered America"
- Spanish "disappointment" with the New World
- Balboa's discovery of the Pacific Ocean in 1513
- Magellan's circumnavigation of the globe (1519-1522) and the search for a southwest passage
- Spanish conquistadores in the New World
- Hernando Cortes in Mexico
- Francisco Pizarro in Peru
- Spain's economic rewards in the New World
- overall consequences of European expansion overseas
- MARTIN LUTHER AND THE PROTESTANT REFORMATION IN GERMANY
- Why did Luther break with Rome?
- Why did so many Germans support Luther?
- Why did German princes rally behind Luther?
- Luther's disgust with religious abuses--dispensations, relics, and indulgences
- Luther's opposition to medieval Christian theology
- Luther's preference for the Augustinian system of theology
- Luther's opposition to Thomistic theology and its emphases upon free will and the sacraments
- Luther's early life and his "tower experience"
- Luther's essential doctrines and teachings
- justification by faith
- primacy of Scripture
- "priesthood of all believers"
- Luther and his 95 Theses (1517)
- practical implications of Luther's teachings
- WHY DID SO MANY GERMANS FIND COMFORT IN LUTHERANISM?
- readiness for rebellion grounded in disgust with the Papacy
- anger with the composition of the College of Cardinals
- impact of Christian humanism
- role of the universities
- Luther's pamphlets
- Luther's trial and the 1521 Diet of Worms
- Emperor Charles V and his opposition to Luther
- Luther's protection by Frederick the Wise
- WHY WERE GERMAN PRINCES WILLING TO ADOPT LUTHERANISM?
- economic motives evidenced by the 1500 Diet of Augsburg
- political motives--princes had not gained concessions in the concordats
- princes sought to obtain overall governmental sovereignty
- Luther's encouragement of the princes
- princes seized an opportunity to support Luther and gain sovereignty